Clinico-radiologic features of four cases of ameloblastoma

Ameloblastomas are jaw tumors that are locally aggressive with a high capacity for recurrence. It arises from the epithelium of the dental lamina. Radiograph remains the first and an essential investigation, despite the development of various cross-sectional imaging modalities. Aim: This article intends to describe the clinical findings and orthopantomograph (OPG) supported by computed tomography scan (CT scan) and MRI of four cases of ameloblastomas in the hospital University Sains Malaysia. Materials and methods: Data concerning the patients' ages, sex, tumor locations, and surgical treatment history, as well as the radiographic findings, were analysed. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 23 to 41 years (mean, 30.5 years). The gender of patients were two male (50%) and 2 (50%) females. Three cases (75%) of ameloblastomas located in the mandible and only one case found in the maxilla. The swelling was the most common symptom and experienced by all patients. Radiographically, two cases were unilocular with a well-demarcated border, and the remaining 2 cases were multilocular. Typical features of unicystic ameloblastoma appeared in case 1. This case previously presented with a lesion in the same area diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. The other 3 cases showed variant types of ameloblastoma. These were Plexiform, Acanthomatous and Granular cell type; follicular and plexiform type; and follicular and plexiform type in case 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Conclusion: In conclusions, determination the location and density of jaws lesion and its margin relation to the tooth using radiological tool accompanied with clinical data, aids in the narrowing of the differential diagnosis and it is necessary for early diagnosis of ameloblastoma. A Long-term follow-up at regular intervals after surgery is recommended for all ameloblastomas cases

In vitro evaluation of Malaysian natural coral porites bone graft substitutes (CORAGRAF) for bone tissue engineering: a preliminary study

Aim: An approach for three-dimensional (3D) bone tissue generation from bone marrow mesenchymal adult stem cells (BMSC-AS) was investigated. Methods: The BMSC-AS cells were induced to differentiate into osteogenic precursors, capable of proliferating, and subsequently differentiating into bone-forming cells. The differentiated cells were seeded on the surface of coral discs with a mean diameter 10 (±2) mm and a mean thickness 1 (±0.5) mm. The seeded scaffolds were characterized using von Kossa and Alizarin Redstaining, electron and confocal microscopy and RT-PCR analysis. Results: The results demonstrated thatBMSC-AS derived bone-forming cells attached to and colonized into coral scaffolds. Furthermore, these cells produced bone nodules when grown for 3-4 weeks in mineralization medium containing ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate both in tissue culture plates and in scaffolds. The differentiated cells also expressed osteospecific markers when grown both in the culture plates and in 3D scaffolds. Osteogenic cells expressed alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, but not a BMSC-AS cell-specific marker, oct-4. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Malaysian Natural coral Porites bone graft substitutes (CORAGRAF) with BMSC-AS cells can be used for in vitro tissue engineering to cultivation of graftable skeletal structures.

Antibacterial property of locally produced hydroxyapatite

Use of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) in biomedical applications is well warranted. It has shown to have an excellent biocompatibility in human tooth and bones. Additionally it has been documented to possess antibacterial potentials. The present study was conducted to assess the presence of any such potential in locally produced (HA) using Streptococcus mutans, a common pathogen in the oral cavity. The study was carried out using 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg/ml concentration of HA. The antibacterial property of HA was assessed using Miles and Misra method. Our studies showed that bacterial growth inhibitions of S. mutans occurred from 50 mg/ml, and complete inhibition was perceived at concentrations at 200mg/ml of HA. The antibacterial property HA should be used to good advantage as a bioactive biomaterial in dental and maxillofacial applications.

P53 gene mutation and protein expression in ameloblastomas

P53 gene is commonly found to be mutated in human cancer. Currently, limited data exist on the occurrence of p53 gene mutation in ameloblastomas. This study designed to evaluate the expression of p53 proteins and their gene mutations in human ameloblastomas. Four cases of epithelial odontogenic tumors were used. Normal cells of a 7 months aborted fetus’s mandible were used as negative control. P53 Protein expression was detected immunohistochemically. DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. Gene sequences analyzed to determine p53 mutation. p53 was overexpressed in one case of unicystic ameloblastoma and 2 cases of variant types of ameloblastoma. The Coding sequencing analyses demonstrated p53 gene alteration in cases of ameloblastoms in Exon 7 while, fetus epithelial mucosal cells showed the wild type DNA sequence in Exon 4. In conclusion p53 protein overexpression was detected by immunohistochemical staining as well as by DNA sequence analysis in cases of ameloblastomas.

Histopathology and ultrastructural features in mucous extravasation phenomenon: report of a case

Histopathological and ultrastructural features of a case of pseudocyst extravastation mucocele lesion located in the lower lip of an 18 yearold Malaysian female is presented. Complete surgical excision of the lesion with associated minor salivary glands was done. The specimenwas processed for routine histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructral studies. The lesion revealed pooling of mucin infiltrated with inflammatory cells and walled by a rim of granulation tissue. The underlying salivary lobules showed varying degrees of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis. Ultrastructural features revealed multiple membrane bound electron lucent mucus granules with varying diameter, duct cells with few microvilli. Desmosomes, tonofilaments and myoepithelial cells were prominent. There were also dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)and presence of multiple electron dense granules

Histopathology and ultrastructural features in mucous extravasation phenomenon: report of a case%Aspectos histopatológicos e estruturais no fenômeno de extravasamento da mucosa: um estudo de caso

Histopathological and ultrastructural features of a case of pseudocyst extravastation mucocele lesion located in the lower lip of an 18 yearold Malaysian female is presented. Complete surgical excision of the lesion with associated minor salivary glands was done. The specimenwas processed for routine histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructral studies. The lesion revealed pooling of mucin infiltrated with inflammatory cells and walled by a rim of granulation tissue. The underlying salivary lobules showed varying degrees of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis. Ultrastructural features revealed multiple membrane bound electron lucent mucus granules with varying diameter, duct cells with few microvilli. Desmosomes, tonofilaments and myoepithelial cells were prominent. There were also dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)and presence of multiple electron dense granules